Answer
An X-ray machine is essentially a camera. Instead of visible light, however, it uses X-Rays to expose the film. X-Rays are like light in that they are electromagnetic waves, but they are more energetic so they can penetrate many materials to varying degrees. When the X-Rays hit the film they expose it just as light would. Since bone, fat, muscle, tumors etc. all absorb X-Rays at different levels, the image on the film lets you see different structures inside the body because of the different levels of exposure on the film.

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