You can throw them in the Cuisinart or discreetly chuck them into a garbage
truck on your way to the subway, but that won't make the debt go away. Debt
hovers like a carrion bird over a dying beast, costing you 18-plus percent
compounded monthly, month in and month out. You can't wish it away. But you
can pay it down with determination and the good graces of a few wealthy relatives
(see tip No. 5). Here are eight ways to get out of debt:
1. Pay More than the Minimum
The first thing you can do is break the habit of only paying the minimum
required each month. Paying the minimum -- usually 2% to 3% of the outstanding
balance -- only prolongs the agony. Besides,
it's precisely what the banks want you to do. The longer you take to repay
the charges, the more interest they make and the less cash you have in your
pocket. Don't play their selfish game. Instead, bite the bullet and pay as
much as you can each month. If your minimum payment is $100, double that
to $200 or more. Examine your normal expenses. You can find the money to
do so. (For a gazillion ideas, check out our Living Below Your Means message board.) Skip eating out at lunch, and bring it from home instead. Eliminate
desserts. Give up happy hour. We all have "luxuries," and you know what yours
are. Make a few sacrifices, and you will find the extra dollars needed to
increase your debt repayments dramatically. Those increased payments will
save you hundreds, if not thousands, in interest payments. Plus, you will
get out of the hole you have dug for yourself much, much more quickly. Is
it fun? No. But it sure is better than living a hand-to-mouth existence fearing
bill-payment day each month.
2. Move Your Balances to a Lower-Interest Card
Next, take a long, hard look at all your credit cards. Pay particular attention
to the one with the lowest interest rate. Have you reached the maximum limit
on that card? If not, consider transferring a higher interest bill to that
one. Many credit cards permit this, and it may make sense to use that feature.
It's positively Foolish to trade an 18% debt for one at 12% at any time.
Why not now when you're looking under every rock to find the bucks needed
to eliminate those bills? You can also ask your current lenders to lower your interest rates. For details on how, check out Step 4: Re-Negotiate Your Rate.
Another way to transfer higher interest debt to a lower interest card is
to take advantage of the promotional offers many banks use to entice you
to their line of credit. You've seen the come-ons. "Transfer all your credit
card balances to us and pay just 5.9% until January 1, 199X." It could be
worth it to do so. The savings between 5.9% and 18% interest could mean
substantial dollars to you. And the money saved in interest could then be
applied towards principal each month, thus reducing your outstanding debt
balance even further. Take care, though, before you act. Examine
the offer closely. Look for the
hooks. Will the interest rate after the introductory period be higher than
you're paying now? If so, you may have to switch again at that time. That,
in turn, could give rise to another surprise. Banks have caught on to the
charge card hoppers who switch from card to card to take advantage of the
low introductory rates. Many of these offers now stipulate that if you transfer
balances from the new card within a 12-month period, the normal interest
rate will be applied to all outstanding balances retroactively. That proviso
could be a bitter pill to swallow for someone short on cash, and it certainly
doesn't help the debt repayment schedule. Read the fine print, Fool.
3. Cash Out Your Savings Account
You could cash in your savings and investments and use the proceeds towards
debt repayment. Yeah, no one wants to do that. But sometimes it's just Foolish
to do so. Even when debt interest is at a rock-bottom 12%, your investments
would have to pay more than 18% before federal and state taxes to equal that
outflow of dollars. Pay off the debt, and it's the same as getting that 18%
return without any risk on your part. The higher the interest rate on your
debt, the more attractive repayment versus investment becomes.
4. Borrow Against Your Life Insurance
Do you have life insurance that has a cash value? If so, borrow against the
policy. Yes, you're borrowing your own money. But the interest rate typically
is well below commercial rates, and you can take your time repaying the loan.
Do repay it, though. If you die before it's repaid, the outstanding balance
plus interest will be deducted from the face value of the policy payable
to the beneficiary. As a negative, that seems a small price to pay to get
out of debt now, but it could be burdensome to your family or loved ones
should you sleep the eternal sleep before paying it back.
5. Finagle Family and Friends
Perhaps your family or friends could help through a loan. Who else knows,
trusts and loves you as they do? Unless you are really the black sheep of
the flock, chances are you'll get a very favorable interest rate. They may
even tolerate a late payment or two. But if you want to maintain the
relationship, it's best to keep things on the straight and narrow by using
some written agreement like a personal note. You should clearly establish
the interest and repayment schedule in writing to avoid misunderstandings
and hard feelings. And it goes without saying that you must be scrupulous
about adhering to that schedule. Otherwise, you can forget the family reunions
and birthday presents.
6. Get a Home-Equity Loan
Do you own your own home and have some equity that's accumulated through
the years as you've paid off the mortgage? If so, now is the time to consider
a home equity loan (HEL) line of credit for the maximum amount you can get.
A HEL gives you a double whammy. First, you use the loan proceeds to pay
down your debt, thus trading something like an 18% loan for a 9% loan. Second,
most homeowners itemize on their income tax returns. HEL interest under most
circumstances is a deductible item. In a 28% marginal tax bracket, that means
the 9% loan really has an effective rate of 6.5%, and that is probably the
cheapest interest rate you'll ever see on personal indebtedness. The danger
here is falling into the trap many people do. They get a HEL, pay off existing
debt, and then ring up the charges on the credit cards all over again. Now
they have the HEL to repay on top of the credit cards. The hole just got
much, much deeper. Fools use the HEL to pay off the credit cards and then
keep them paid off until the HEL is repaid.
7. Borrow From Your 401(k)
Do you participate in a 401(k) qualified retirement plan at work? Most 401(k)
plans have a loan feature that lets you borrow up to 50% of the account's
value or $50,000, whichever is smaller. Interest rates usually are a point
or two above prime, which usually makes them cheaper than credit
cards. Thus, 401(k) plan loans may be a Foolish option to debt repayment. Not
only is the interest typically much lower than that on credit cards, the
best part is you pay it to yourself. That's right, every dime in interest
paid on a 401(k) loan goes directly into the borrower's 401(k) account, not the
lender's. That lessens the bite even more. But there are some drawbacks.
First, the loan and interest will be repaid with after-tax dollars, but the
interest will be taxed again when you finally withdraw money from the 401(k)
many years later. Additionally, you must repay this loan in five years or
less. If you leave your employment prior to full repayment, the outstanding
balance becomes due and payable immediately. If it's not repaid, that amount
will be treated as a distribution to you. The tax man will tax you on that
amount at ordinary rates. And if you're under the age of 59 ½, you will
also be assessed an additional 10% excise tax as a penalty for an early
withdrawal of retirement funds. Accordingly, ensure any 401(k) loan can be
repaid before you leave your job.
8. Renegotiate Terms with your Creditors
Okay, you've done all you can. Savings are gone, relatives have been tapped out, you don't have a home or 401(k) to borrow against. You feel like you're against that proverbial wall. The money just isn't there. Is bankruptcy the only way out? No way. Try pulling that ace out of your sleeve prior to taking that step. What ace? The threat of bankruptcy ace, of course. Let your creditors know your situation. Tell them that if you are unable to renegotiate terms, then you have no other recourse except to declare bankruptcy. Ask for a new and lower repayment schedule, request a lower interest rate, and appeal to their desire to receive payment. Faced with the prospect that you may resort to such a drastic step, creditors will do what they can to protect themselves against a total loss. Indeed, many will negotiate away the farm before theyll be willing to write off your debt. As lawyers love to say, everything is negotiable. Therefore, what have you to lose save time? It's worth a try. And if you don't wish to do this yourself, organizations exist who can do it for you. For details, see Step 9: Be Your Own Debt Doctor.
9. As a Last Resort, File for Bankruptcy
What if you decide you can't pay down your debt using any of the methods
listed above? What should you do? The absolute last resort is bankruptcy.
Within Fooldom, we believe firmly everyone has a moral obligation to repay
their debts to the utmost of their ability. There are times, though, when
repayment may be impossible. In those cases, then, bankruptcy may be the
only available course of action. Nevertheless, be aware there are significant
drawbacks to using this avenue of relief. Your credit record will contain
this information for 10 years, thus ensuring you will have a tough time obtaining
credit you can afford during that period. Additionally, as odd as it seems,
it also will cost you money to file for bankruptcy. Attorney and court filing
fees will cost in the hundreds of dollars, and they must be paid to obtain
the relief sought.
There are two types of personal bankruptcy relief, Chapter 7 and Chapter
13. Chapter 7 is straight bankruptcy that allows the discharge of almost
all debts. Those that aren't discharged are alimony, child support, taxes,
loans obtained through filing false financial statements, loans not listed
in the bankruptcy petition, legal judgments against the petitioner, and student
loans. While Chapter 7 relieves you of the responsibility of repaying most
creditors, you may also have to surrender much of the property you own to
help satisfy the debt. In general, though, you may usually retain your car,
tools of your trade, your home and most personal property.
Chapter 13, sometimes called the "wage-earner plan," is different. Under
Chapter 13, you keep your property but surrender control of your finances
to the bankruptcy court. The court approves a repayment plan based on your
financial resources that provides for repayment of all or part of your debt
over a three-to-five-year period. During that time, your creditors may not
dun or harass you for repayment. You also incur no interest charges on the
indebtedness during the repayment period. When all conditions of the
court-approved plan have been fulfilled, you emerge debt-free from the
bankruptcy.
by TMF Pixy