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Manual: fopen
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fopen

(PHP3 , PHP4 )

fopen -- Ouverture d'un fichier ou d'une URL.

Description

int fopen (string filename, string mode [, int use_include_path])

Si filename commence par "http://" (insensible à la casse), une connexion HTTP 1.x est ouverte avec le serveur spécifié, et un pointeur sur la réponse fournie est retourné.

Attention, fopen() ne gère pas les redirections, ce qui oblige à ajouter les slash " / " finaux pour indiquer un dossier.

Si filename commence par "ftp://" (insensible à la casse), une connexion FTP est ouverte avec le serveur spécifié, et un pointeur sur la réponse fournie est retourné. Si le serveur ne supporte par le mode FTP passif, cette fonction échouera. Vous pouvez ouvrir des fichiers en lecture seulement, ou en écriture seulement (le full duplex n'est pas supporté).

Si filename commence par "php://stdin", "php://stdout", ou "php://stderr", le flot correspondant sera ouvert. (Cela a été introduit dans PHP 3.0.13; dans les anciennes versions, les fichiers "/dev/stdin" ou "/dev/fd/0" devaient être utilisés pour accéder à ces flots).

Si filename commence par n'importe quoi d'autre, PHP tentera de lire ce fichier dans le système local, et un pointeur sur le fichier ouvert sera retourné.

Si l'ouverture échoue, fopen() retourne FALSE.

mode peut prendre les valeurs suivantes :

  • 'r' - Ouvre en lecture seule, et place le pointeur de fichier au début du fichier.

  • 'r+' - Ouvre en lecture et écriture, et place le pointeur de fichier au début du fichier.

  • 'w' - Ouvre en écriture seule; place le pointeur de fichier au début du fichier et réduit la taille du fichier à 0. Si le fichier n'existe pas, on tente de le créer.

  • 'w+' - Ouvre en lecture et écriture; place le pointeur de fichier au début du fichier et réduit la taille du fichier à 0. Si le fichier n'existe pas, on tente de le créer.

  • 'a' - Ouvre en écriture seule; place le pointeur de fichier à la fin du fichier file. Si le fichier n'existe pas, on tente de le créer.

  • 'a+' - Ouvre en lecture et écriture; place le pointeur de fichier au début du fichier et réduit la taille du fichier à 0. Si le fichier n'existe pas, on tente de le créer.

De plus, mode peut contenir la lettre 'b'. Cette option n'est utile que sur les systèmes qui font la différence entre les fichiers binaires et les fichiers textes (en bref, c'est inutile sous Unix). Si il n'est pas nécessaire, il sera ignoré.

Vous pouvez utiliser le troisième paramètre optionnel pour explorer le dossier include_path, en le mettant à 1.

Exemple 1. Exemple avec fopen()


$fp = fopen("/home/rasmus/file.txt", "r");
$fp = fopen("http://www.php.net/", "r");
$fp = fopen("ftp://user:password@example.com/", "w");

Si vous rencontrez des problèmes en lecture ou écriture de fichier et que vous utilisez PHP en version module de serveur, n'oubliez pas que les fichiers auxquels vous accédez ne sont pas nécessairement accessibles au processus serveur.

Sous Windows, assurez vous de bien échapper les backslash utilisés dans le chemin du fichier, ou bien utilisez des slash. 

 
$fp = fopen("c:\\data\\info.txt", "r");

Voir aussi fclose(), fsockopen() et popen().


User Contributed Notes: fopen

chopin@csone.kaist.ac.kr
25-Aug-1999 04:12
file_exists() does not support URL open. use fopen() for checking file existance, for example,
<PRE>
if( !($fp = fopen("http://csone.kaist.ac.kr/~chopin/", "r")) )
echo "URL open error\n";
else
echo "URL exists\n"
</PRE>



bertil.friman@fdk.se
30-Aug-1999 04:34

About fopen (... "w") (for beginners, by a beginner):
Creating files with fopen(... "w") does not work unless the http-
server has write permission to the directory where the file is to be located.
You can give the http-server this permission with the command:
"chmod o+w mydir/" (assuming your directory is called mydir/). The
command gives everybody permission to add and remove files in the
directory. When a file is created by php (fopen), php will have no problems
to later open it for write.

If you create the file yourself, and want to let php (as http-server)
open it for write with fopen(... "w"), then you must first give the
http-server permission to open the file for write. This can be done with the
command: "chmod o+w myfile" (assuming your file is called myfile).
The command gives everybody permission to write to the file.

Both these examples assume a Unix server (for example Linux) and
that you have access to the server either directly or through telnet.
If you only have FTP access to the server, I really do not know
if it is possible to use PHP to write into files.

Is there a better way to do this, anybody?



ac@artcenter.ac
21-Oct-1999 06:24
Fopen really really needs a time out option. I am building a spider that checks for URL validation.. well it works great except that sometimes when the URL is far away from the server it goes to the url but it goes EXTREMLY slowly and many times makes scripts hang for a long time before opening a different url. very uncomfortable. This command MUST have time out please !@

Espen.Lyngaas@colorline.no
25-Oct-1999 03:13
Reading a url with a username and password works through a proxy server too, but (as far as I can tell) you need to enable "basic authentication" on proxy servers that doesn't have this feature on by default (MS Proxy)

<PRE>$fp = fopen(proxyuser:proxypassword@www.somehost.com/index.html);
</PRE>

If you specify the wrong proxy userid/password or nothing at all, you will receive a "success" warning, which is a bit confusing, but obviously nothing from the url you requested.



barry@hostingmaster.net
30-Oct-1999 05:34
Hey beginners (from a beginner) if you find this confusing as I did, take a look at fread() where you will find both the reading of the information and the opening of the file to be read. (ps. since this manuel is for idiots like me, it should include statements like this for someone to see an example ... don't get me wrong, I think PHP is the best thing since french toast and has opened a door for me into the world wide of the web! Barry.

dniq@kraft-s.ru
04-Nov-1999 02:57
That is strange, but fopen("file","w+") would create file as "nobody" or whatever your http server runs as. Why don't php create file with owner of the script???? It's a pity... :(

icon@mricon.com
09-Nov-1999 02:44
If you're running PHP as apache module, it will always write files as "nobody", unless you specify a different user/group in httpd.conf, or compile apache with suexec support. However, if you run PHP as a CGI wrapper, you may setuid the PHP executable to whatever user you wish (severe security issues apply). If you really want to be able to su to other user, I recommend compiling with suexec support. Check www.apache.org to see how it's done.

dniq@kraft-s.ru
11-Nov-1999 12:37
I ALREADY have Apache with SuEXEC, but PHP doesn't use it :(

elanor@universalmail.com
17-Nov-1999 02:45
I had an code to open remote URL by

fopen("$url","r");
It worked before. But it does not work now! It gives error msg:

Warning: fopen("http://www.metu.edu.tr/","r") - Transport endpoint is not connected in /home/sait/public_html/TEST/test.php3 on line 42


When I changed hostname with IP, it works. When I tried to change hostname to the IP by using gethostbyname, it does not works!!! it gives itself as result. The problem is in version PHP 3.0 OR I need to talk with system admin, for posiable DNS problems??



angus@europeonline.net
18-Nov-1999 04:54
The "Transport endpoint is not connected" error could be due to an incorrect entry in the /etc/hosts file. If you have configured two IP addresses for your server (for example to use SSL) these two IP addresses should not be mapped to the same name in the hosts file.


icon@mricon.com
07-Dec-1999 03:28
(about SuEXEC above) AFAIK, PHP can't NOT use SuEXEC if apache does. If PHP is configured as an apache module it will act as whatever user the apache is. If apache SuEXEC's to otheruser:othergroup (e.g. root:root), that's what PHP will write files as, because it acts as a part of apache code. I suggest you double-check your SuEXEC configuration and settings. Note: you can't su to another user within the PHP code -- it has to be an apache directive, either through <VirtualHost>, or through .htaccess. Also note: I'm not sure how it all works (if it works at all) on Win32 platforms.

peksalli@iki.fi
08-Dec-1999 03:34
About writing to file (to Bertil Friman): You can usually change file permissions with FTP, too. Just open a FTP connection and say "chmod o+w filename". It is also possible to use FTP connection to write the file, for example, "fopen(ftp://user:password@ftpserver.address/file,w)". That way the file is created and used with your username and password, which (IMHO) is more secure than having files with write permission for all.


zbir@burningchrome.com
15-Dec-1999 06:22
Seems that you can't use '@' characters in passwords in fopen - not even escaped as '\@' - that, or I'm doing this all wrong:

<pre>
$outputfile = fopen("ftp://someuser:p\@ssword@someplace.net/some/directory/to/file.txt","w");
fpassthru($outputfile);
fwrite($outputfile,$outputmessage);
</pre>



bmueller@creotech.com
18-Dec-1999 10:25
RE: suEXEC


According to the Apache Group PHP scripts do not follow suEXEC even if it's set in the <VirtualHost> Directive. I run a webserver and whenever a new user is added it automatically creates a <VirtualHost> entry for them and adds the USER and GROUP numbers for usage with suEXEC. Normal CGI scripts work perfectly with this setup however PHP3 scripts completely ignore the USER and GROUP values and continue to execute as nobody. Is there ANY way what-so-ever to execute PHP with the UID of the account it is running from?

Thanks in advance,

Brian Mueller

styx@xlarge.at
23-Dec-1999 10:08
re: file upload
http://www.php.net/manual/html/feature-fileupload.html

php3@webgrafiken.de
03-Jan-2000 10:09
fopen seems to have a hang somehow. Calling fopen on existing files works fine for me on my local WAMP config, as well as ony my 3.0.12 solaris server; but opening a non-existing file with http gives a PARSE error - "no error in..." and for ftp "unknown error....".
It really should not produce a parse error if the function call fails!

sgarner@expio.co.nz
11-Jan-2000 12:28
To review@web.com:

filesize() does not support URLs, only local files. Replace "filesize($filename)" with some large number, e.g. "1000000".

sgarner@expio.co.nz
16-Jan-2000 12:42
zbir@burningchrome.com: You can use "@" signs in passwords if you first run the password through rawurlencode() to convert the @ sign to its URL encoded equivalent.

jamie.watt@murchison.com.au
02-Feb-2000 07:39
To check if a file exists using http or ftp use the following:

<pre>
$fp = @fopen("http://www.someurl.com/testfile.php3","r");
if ($fp)
{ print"The file exists!"; }
else
{ print"The file does not exist"; }
</pre>

Note: The "@" in front of fopen suppresses the error output of the function.

I hope this clears up some confusion.

alex@dentonlive.com
28-Feb-2000 04:21
Re: suEXEC

Get a work around for the file ownership problem.
First do a chown with the perl scripe to the user right after the file is created.
But keep the gid to the httpd (nobody).
The web interface can still update the file depend on the user want and user get the most access to the file.
Beware with the scripe, it may lead to a insecure problem.
The best solution is PHP fix the scripe run as user rather then httpd in virtual directory.


ian@oven.com
07-Mar-2000 04:11
The manual says that fopen makes an HTTP/1.0 connection to the server.

If you are using "Name Based Virtual Hosts", fopen will not work.

You will get an error like "Transport endpoint not connected" error.

Name based virtual hosts require HTTP/1.1.

willo@junkmail.co.za
01-Jul-2000 01:07
When writing BINARY files, such as images, use "wb".

mircho@abv.bg
06-Jul-2000 09:39
Either I am not geting it right, or it doesn't work, But I can't get a hnadle on <b>STDOUT</b>. I used the "php://stdout" but only got an server error <pre>Premature end of script headers</pre>.
It might be something in the new PHP4 functionality to buffer the entire content before sending it. Can anyone at least supply enough info on how to get to control the <b>stdout</b>

malhavoc@stomped.com
07-Jul-2000 05:48
Just a note to individuals who use the fopen() function to reference an external url. fopen() makes no attempt to url encode the url before opening it, so be sure to do that first.

It would be a nice touch to make this function change spaces to + signs and remove illegal url characters, but you can easily get around this by making use of the urlencode() function first.

Enjoy.

mauba@psi.com.br
11-Jul-2000 01:15
feof() and URL's:
<pre>

$fp = fopen("$url","r");
while(!eof($fp)) {
do something;
}

</pre>
Do not work for me (the script seems to not finish the connection until the server don't); I had to write like this:
<pre>

$fp = fopen("$url","r");
while($line = fgets($fp,2048)) {
do something;
}
</pre>



WE@MYOIL.DE
11-Jul-2000 07:54
PHP3 and fopen via proxy-
here is the solution:
....
$myfiles = "http://www.xyz.com/cgi-bin/plz_suche/search_or.cgi?or_plz=$PLZ&or_ort=".rawurlencode($stadt);

$datei = fsockopen("proxy.wdf.sap-ag.de", 8080, &$errno, &$errstr);


if( !$datei )
{
echo "proxy not available !";
fclose($resultfile);
exit();
}


else
{
fputs($datei,"GET $myfiles/ HTTP/1.0\n\n");
while (!feof($datei))
{
$zeile = fgets($datei,1000);
}
}


Best regards,


Wilfried Ehrensperger


dont spam: phobo@paradise.net.nz
12-Jul-2000 07:58
If you are running PHP Server on Windows NT/2000 (and I assume 95/98 too), remember you MUST use "rb" or "wb" when opening NON TEXT files, otherwise you'll be stumped like I was, wondering why your script only appears to partially process a file, not realising binary opening aint implied like it is on other platforms.

Rdrpixel@swbell.net
14-Jul-2000 06:37
Thanks for the 'rb' tip. I was up all night trying to figure that out.. Can someone PLEASE make a note in the docs about this where it's easier to find?

function@worldonline.dk
06-Aug-2000 10:46
Respons to : 27-Jul-2000 09:42
To remove warnings/errors returned by php simply put a @ in front of the funtion name. Like @fopen.

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